for example a designing chair will be used for designers who sit at high easels. Large institutions that make bulk purchases will reference these standards within their own even more detailed criteria for purchase. They are typically rented for formal events such as wedding receptions to increase the attractiveness of the chairs and decor. Below is a list of terminology very often used in antique furniture in alphabetical order. Dental chairs are necessarily reclined. Orthopedic backrests provide support for the back. While playing around with word vectors and the "HasProperty" API of conceptnet, I had a bit of fun trying to get the adjectives which commonly describe a word. Rubberwood furniture is made from lumber harvested from rubberwood trees, also known as parawood. The Stick Chair: It’s The Wood That Makes It Bad (images via: Core77 and Scandinavian Design Online) The Stick Chair comes to us courtesy of Carlo Volf of Danish design firm Volfdesign, though from the looks of it “courtesy” isn’t one of Volf’s better qualities. It's often not used in fine furniture, but rubberwood is a versatile type of furniture material with a light color. By matching the shape of the occupant's buttocks, weight is distributed and maximum pressure is reduced. In French, a distinction is made between fauteuil and chaise, the terms for chairs with and without armrests, respectively. [11] Until then, people sat on chests, benches, and stools, which were the ordinary seats of everyday life. Chairs vary in design. In this article, IELTS Game will add number 111 IELTS cue card sample on the series of 2020 cue cards with band 9.0 model answers and part 3 follow up questions that will help you in your IELTS test preparation.. This may be more comfortable for some in reducing weight on the seat area, but may be problematic for others who have bad backs. In keeping with this historical connotation of the "chair" as the symbol of authority, committees, boards of directors, and academic departments all have a 'chairman' or 'chair'. An office chair is one used by employees within an office. In the past, chairman was used to refer to both men and women, but it is now not often used to refer to a woman. Chair mats are mats meant to cover different types of flooring. For adjustable chairs, such as an office chair, the aforementioned principles are applied in adjusting the chair to the individual occupant. In lieu of padding, flexible materials, such as wicker, may be used instead with similar effects of distributing the weight. A chairman is a man who is in charge of a meeting or debate. This allows chairs on wheels to roll easily over the carpet and protects the carpet or floor. [citation needed], For someone seated, the buttock popliteal length is the horizontal distance from the back most part of the buttocks to the back of the lower leg. Shoulder height backrests support the entire back and shoulders. A wide variety of chairs have emerged throughout the ages, some based on formal usages, and others based on domestic needs, and some based on needs within the workplace or various professions. Harry N. Abrams. Fiell, C. (2005). Spreading the area reduces the pressure at any given point. In some airplanes and stadiums the leg room (the seat pitch less the thickness of the seat at thigh level) is so small that it is sometimes insufficient for the average person. Chair definition, a seat, especially for one person, usually having four legs for support and a rest for the back and often having rests for the arms. The first sitting session was free, with a database of persons who had already used their free session. Antique chair styles reflect the sensibilities of the periods in which they were manufactured. If present, armrests will support part of the body weight through the arms if the arms are resting on the armrests. It may also result in no weight on the feet which means more weight elsewhere. Padding can be on the seat of the chair only, on the seat and back, or also on any arm rests or foot rest the chair may have. This page was last edited on 4 January 2021, at 04:20. They found they could use molded fiberglass to create chairs, or wrap a lounge chair around steel legs rather than a wood frame. A table is an item of furniture with a flat top and one or more legs, used as a surface for working at, eating from or on which to place things. Since most of the body weight is supported in the back of the seat, padding there should be firmer than the front of the seat which only has the weight of the legs to support. Where padding is not desirable, contouring may be used instead. Originating back to the 1950s, the chair design is a modern adaptation featuring a full solid pine wood structure and a wide curved backrest with sleek tapered legs. A contoured seat pan attempts to distribute weight without padding. ASTM F1858-98 specifies plastic lawn chairs. It wasn't until the twelfth century that chairs became widespread in China. Wood might be dark and finished or … Ask Question Asked 6 years, 10 months ago. Chair design considers intended usage, ergonomics (how comfortable it is for the occupant),[26] as well as non-ergonomic functional requirements such as size, stacking ability, folding ability, weight, durability, stain resistance, and artistic design. n. 1. The chair was no longer of any use, the velvet cushion shredded and the legs deeply scarred from years of service. A kneeling chair adds an additional body part, the knees, to support the weight of the body. Later other museums and galleries were equipped with the "Pay to Sit" chair, with a global central seating license server located in Toronto. Around 15% of women and 2% of men need foot rests, even at the 16-inch (41 cm) chair height. you are welcome to follow and happy pinning. Reclining chairs typically have at least shoulder-height backrests to shift weight to the shoulders instead of just the lower back. This anthropometric measurement is used to determine the seat depth. A reclining seat and back will shift weight to the occupant's back. do exacly what divamom said- think of the memories you have associated with the furniture and exlore the scents and things. it can be found in most ordinary residential homes, in the dining room. de Dampierre, F. (2006). [5], Chair comes from the early 13th-century English word chaere, from Old French chaiere ("chair, seat, throne"), from Latin cathedra ("seat"). "Task chairs", or any chair intended for people to work at a desk or table, including dining chairs, can only recline very slightly; otherwise the occupant is too far away from the desk or table. Describing Words. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. Side Chair. Intended usage determines the desired seating position. [23][24] Peter Brenner, a Dutch-born German designer, has created a chair made from lollipop sugar – 60 pounds (27 kg) of confectioners' sugar.[25]. atourgates commented on the list words-that-positively-describe-furniture. The modern movement of the 1960s produced new forms of chairs: the butterfly chair (originally called the Hardoy chair), bean bags, and the egg-shaped pod chair that turns. However, reclining may not be suitable for chairs intended for work or eating at table. Tables may be subdivided by any one of a number of criteria, the most basic of which is whether the table is a fixed table or a mechanical table. Polish each coat thoroughly with a clean cloth. old furniture to ideas. They come in various shapes, some specifically sized to fit partially under a desk. A lower seat may shift too much weight to the "seat bones" ("ischial tuberosities"). In cars, they may be used to increase the height of the driver. Additional anthropometric measurements may be relevant to designing a chair. As I was browsing furniture websites to create this list, I came across the phrase, "Outdoor furniture becomes elegant, with the energy of the lotus flower and the waterlily." In 2001, Steve Mann exhibited a chair sculpture at San Francisco Art Institute. OR. Picking the right wood for furniture is critical as it … [15], In Europe, it was owing in great measure to the Renaissance that the chair ceased to be a privilege of state and became a standard item of furniture for anyone who could afford to buy it. One of the basic pieces of furniture, a chair is a type of seat. [1][2] Used in a number of rooms in homes (e.g. The 20th century saw an increasing use of technology in chair construction with such things as all-metal folding chairs, metal-legged chairs, the Slumber Chair,[citation needed] moulded plastic chairs and ergonomic chairs. It specifies things like: The specification further defines heavier "proof" loads that chairs must withstand. Armrests further have the function of making entry and exit from the chair easier (but from the side it becomes more difficult). You often hear people grumbling about money and all kinds of other things that \"don't grow on trees\"; the great thing about wood is that Generally speaking, the higher ranked an individual was, the taller and more sumptuous was the chair he sat on and the greater the honor. Carved wood ran along the top of couch and chair backs and arms, but you'd also find it on bed frames and dressers featuring shapely leaves, trailing vines, fruits, fleur-de-leis, ribbons and bows, and, sometimes, fat cherubs. The same body weight over a smaller area means greater pressure on that area. A. furniture once new and great begin to age and get old =opinions change and then their are improved vertions. Car seats sometimes have built-in and adjustable lumbar supports. An ottoman is a short stool that is intended to be used as a footrest but can sometimes be used as a stool. A seat that is higher results in dangling feet and increased pressure on the underside of the knees ("popliteal fold"). A chair cover is a temporary fabric cover for a side chair. There are multiple specific standards for different types of chairs. The two most relevant anthropometric measurement for chair design is the popliteal height and buttock popliteal length. [9] Endowed professorships are referred to as chairs. Some chairs have two curved bands of wood (also known as rockers) attached to the bottom of the legs. These words can be used to refer to either a man or a woman. The Business and Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association (BIFMA)[32] defines ANSI/BIFMA X5.1 (titled: General-Purpose Office Chairs – Tests) for testing of commercial-grade chairs. Chairs may have hard surfaces of wood, metal, plastic, or other materials, or some or all of these hard surfaces may be covered with upholstery or padding. A book-case filled with dingy medical works, and ornamented at the top with a skull, in place of the customary bust; a large deal table copiously splashed with ink; "There was nothing in the office but a couple of, کسی اجتماع کی صدارت کرنے والے شخص کا عہدہ. [33] Governments will often issue standards for purchases by government agencies (e.g. Furniture designers were eager to try these new materials. [29] Hip breadth is used for chair width and armrest width. it will usually have added height. Describe a piece of furniture you have at your home. Artificial Laminate An artificially laminated surface consists of plastic, foil, or paper that is printed with a wood grain pattern. A chair is a piece of furniture for one person to sit on, with a support for the person's back. Remote control bags can be draped over the arm of easy chairs or sofas and used to hold remote controls for home cinemas. Design considerations for chairs have been codified into standards. I'm lost for words to complete this sentence: The sound of the chair _ against the floor can be heard clearly as the room silence with my sudden action. [31] ISO 7174 specifies stability of rocking and tilting chairs. Let the wood dry for 24 hours and apply a second coat of stain, as above. in living rooms, dining rooms, and dens), in schools and offices (with desks), and in various other workplaces, chairs may be made of wood, metal, or synthetic materials, and either the seat alone or the entire chair may be padded or upholstered in various colors and fabrics. November 8, 2008 Fashioned of ebony and ivory, or of carved and gilded wood, they were covered with costly materials, magnificent patterns and supported upon representations of the legs of beasts or the figures of captives. Many chairs are padded or have cushions. When a chair is a comfortable one, you usually say that someone sits in it. Ergonomic design distributes the weight of the occupant to various parts of the body. "Seat pitch" is the distance between rows of seats. Such chairs are specified for tasks which require extended periods of sitting, such as for receptionists or supervisors of a control panel. Describe an old piece of furniture you have at your home. Office chairs of the modern age almost invariably are wheeled, as this allows the user to have maximum ease and flexibility in moving around their workspace. The woman in charge of a meeting or organization is sometimes referred to as the chairwoman. He holds the chair of History at this university. The Broken Chair is a monumental sculpture in wood, constructed of 5.5 tons of wood, 12 metres (39 ft) high standing across the street from the Palace of Nations in Geneva. Once the idea of privilege faded the chair speedily came into general use. "The chair" is still used as the emblem of authority in the House of Commons in the United Kingdom[7] and Canada,[8] and in many other settings. They are called rocking chairs. It has broken leg symbolizing opposition to land mines and cluster bombs. Chairs that have padding that is the same density front and back will feel soft in the back area and hard to the underside of the knees. Gas springs are attached to the body of the chair in order to give height adjustment and more comfort to the user. [28] The popliteal height, after adjusting for heels, clothing and other issues, is used to determine the height of the chair seat. Different types of wood for furniture (both hardwood and softwood) are available in the market. It's easy to work with, which makes it appealing to furniture makers. [27] A stool or other simple chair may have a simple straight or curved bar near the bottom for the sitter to place their feet on. Almost at once the chair began to change every few years to reflect the fashions of the day. [16], Thomas Edward Bowdich visited the main Palace of the Ashanti Empire in 1819, and observed chairs engrossed with gold in the empire. Pine (white pine): This softwood was used extensively for Colonial furniture, and is one of the basic woods of modern furniture; it's used in almost all types of furniture, and is the primary wood used for unfinished furniture. [citation needed], Chairs were in existence since at least the Early Dynastic Period of Egypt (c. 3100 BC). it also may appear in formal settings, such as any formal event or reception that includes a formal meal or banquet. Mass-produced chairs are typically 15–17 inches (38–43 cm) deep. Its primary features are two pieces of a durable material, attached as back and seat to one another at a 90° or slightly greater angle, with usually the four corners of the horizontal seat attached in turn to four legs—or other parts of the seat's underside attached to three legs or to a shaft about which a four-arm turnstile on rollers can turn—strong enough to support the weight of a person who sits on the seat (usually wide and broad enough to hold the lower body from the buttocks almost to the knees) and leans against the vertical back (usually high and wide enough to support the back to the shoulder blades). They were covered with cloth or leather, were made of carved wood, and were much lower than today's chairs – chair seats were sometimes only 10 inches (25 cm) high. Padding will not shift the weight to different parts of the body (unless the chair is so soft that the shape is altered). Dental chairs are specified by ISO 6875. A post as a professor of a particular subject at a college or university. It is sometimes called the "stool height". Chair glides are attached to the feet of chairs to prevent them from scratching or snagging on the floor. [21], Chairs can be made from wood, metal, or other strong materials, like stone or acrylic. Actual chair dimensions are determined by measurements of the human body or anthropometric measurements. The type of wood you choose determines the beauty and strength of the finished piece. [36][37][38], This article is about furniture. a set of seats hanging from a cable, used to take skiers. [13], The average Egyptian family seldom had chairs, and if they did, it was usually only the master of the household who sat on a chair. If someone "nearly fell off their chair" after being informed about something, it was because they were very shocked or surprised. The chronicler of passing events sat through it, motionless, with suspended pen; and when the movement was complete Poesy was represented in that place by nothing but a warm spot on the, Sabin said, sitting down in a high-backed, He walked straight behind the counter, and sat down on a, The inside of the tower was a single empty room, with nothing but a plain, The space under the window at the farther end was occupied by a square table covered with a reasonably clean and whole red and blue check tablecloth; a hard-seated sofa covered with red stuff occupied one side, running up to the end, and making a seat for one, or by sitting close, for two, at the table and a good stout, It had a window of good size, iron-grated; a small stove; two, A waistcoat of broadcloth or of fustian is alike to an aching heart, and we laugh no merrier on velvet cushions than we did on, Dodson & Fogg was a dark, mouldy, earthy-smelling room, with a high wainscotted partition to screen the clerks from the vulgar gaze, a couple of old. In that case, don't overdo it but add some detail that lends the ring of something real such as the grain or color of the wood, the old style of construction, the size, the sound or flaws such as creaks and groans, chipped paint, etc. Bean bag chairs are specified by ANSI standard ASTM F1912-98. Raimonds Cirulis, a Latvian interior designer, created a volcanic hanging chair that is a handmade out of volcanic rock. For American men, the median popliteal height is 16.3 inches (410 mm) and for American women it is 15.0 inches (380 mm). In general, backrests come in three heights: Lower back backrests support only the lumbar region. In a performance piece at the 2012 Republican Political Convention, Clint Eastwood addressed an empty chair, as if it represented President Barack Obama (meant to be construed as MIA or ineffectual). In the second half of the 20th century, some people used custom clear plastic covers for expensive sofas and chairs to protect them. For a natural finish look on your wooden furniture, learn how and when to use Danish oil and other modern finishing oils in the next section. Some chairs have foot rests. In some cases, multiple materials are used to construct a chair; for example, the legs and frame may be made from metal and the seat and back may be made from plastic. The design may be made of porous materials, or be drilled with holes for decoration; a low back or gaps can provide ventilation. Easy chairs for watching television or movies are somewhere in between depending on the height of the screen. If this is for a fake paragraph- make up a grandmother character and work with her character The address was controversial, whether it was poignant or bizarre. केबल से लटकी कुर्सी जिसे पहाड़ों पर स्काइर उपयोग करते हैं, ghế treo trên dây cáp và lên xuống để chở người, Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary, هَلْ توْجَدُ كِرَاسِيٌ عَالِيَّةٌ لِلأَطْفَالِ؟, the webmaster's page for free fun content. They are counter-weighted so as to not slide off the arms under the weight of the remote controls. It also introduced the first mass-produced plastic chairs such as the Bofinger chair in 1966. Mass-produced chairs are typically 17 inches (430 mm) high. The male head of an organization is often referred to as its chairman. One of the basic pieces of furniture, a chair is a type of seat. In the 1880s, chairs became more common in American households and usually there was a chair provided for every family member to sit down to dinner. The chair sat, moth eaten and decaying in the D. The person in charge of a meeting or organization is referred to as the chair, or sometimes the chairperson. However, the piece of furniture may include some combination of solid wood and engineered wood. Roebuck, and Co. allowed families to purchase machined sets. For other uses, see, Business and Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association (BIFMA), "Anthropocene: why the chair should be the symbol for our sedentary age", "From Benches to Barstools: A History of Chairs, Posture, and Society", "Definitions for Massage Actions for Massage Chairs", "Hanging chair made out of Volcanic Rock", "Hanging chair made out of Volcanic Rock – Bornrich", "A Chair Made From Lollipop Sugar, Customized With Your Licks", "Invisible Obama: The Backlash for Mitt Romney and Clint Eastwood", "Ian Stell Online Shop | Shop Design at Pamono", "Collection #2 "Progressland" Curated by Andrew Zuckerman | Chamber | Artsy", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chair&oldid=998171932, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2013, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Center seats where a solid material forms the chair seat, Solid wood, may or may not be shaped to human contours, Padded leather, generally a flat wood base covered in padding and contained in soft leather, Stuffed fabric, similar to padded leather, Open center seats where a soft material is attached to the tops of chair legs or between stretchers to form the seat, Wicker, woven to provide a surface with give to it, Tape, wide fabric tape woven into seat, seen in lawn chairs and some old chairs, Metal, Metal mesh or wire woven to form seat, chair back strength of 150 pounds (68 kg), chair stability if weight is transferred completely to the front or back legs, leg strength of 75 pounds (34 kg) applied one inch (25 mm) from the bottom of the leg, seat strength of 225 pounds (102 kg) dropped from six inches (150 mm) above the seat, seat cycle strength of 100,000 repetitions of 125 pounds (57 kg) dropped from 2 inches (51 mm) above the seat. a person who takes charge of or directs a meeting. The back of the chair will support some of the weight of the occupant, reducing the weight on other parts of the body. A sit-stand chair distributes most of the weight of the occupant to the feet. Chairs may be rated by the length of time that they may be used comfortably – an 8-hour chair, a 24-hour chair, and so on. In the 1700s and 1800s, furniture makers began use veneering in a more artful way to create fancy surfaces in different patterns, like book-matched, a symmetrical pattern where alternating pieces of veneer are flipped over so they face each other like pages in a book, or pie-matched, which often looks like a sunburst of wood. 1000 Chairs. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Rating 4.05 (11 Votes) IELTS Cue Card ; Active 1 year, 7 months ago. Motors embedded in the chair resulted in massage chairs. Scholars disagree on the reasons for the adoption of the chair. Chairs can also be made from more creative materials, such as recycled materials like cutlery and wooden play bricks, pencils, plumbing tubes, rope, corrugated cardboard, and PVC pipe. [22], In rare cases, chairs are made out of unusual materials, especially as a form of art or experimentation. In place of a built-in footrest, some chairs come with a matching ottoman. [citation needed]. The most common theories are that the chair was an outgrowth of indigenous Chinese furniture, that it evolved from a camp stool imported from Central Asia, that it was introduced to China by Christian missionaries in the seventh century, and that the chair came to China from India as a form of Buddhist monastic furniture. In modern China, unlike Korea or Japan, it is no longer common to sit at floor level. When a chair is a very simple one, you say that someone sits on it. 's basement, mice making their home in the worn green velvet. Taschen. Use dowels and wood to connect the pieces that make up the back of the chair, then glue and position the seat against the back of the chair. It generally consists of a flat top that is supported by either a set of legs, pillars, or trestles. Describe a piece of wood-made furniture you have at home. An armchair has armrests fixed to the seat;[3] a recliner is upholstered and under its seat is a mechanism that allows one to lower the chair's back and raise into place a fold-out footrest;[4] a rocking chair has legs fixed to two long curved slats; and a wheelchair has wheels fixed to an axis under the seat. Each type comes with a different set of characteristics in terms of color, density, grain, and finishing. The back may extend above the height of the occupant's head, which can optionally contain a headrest. Among the better off, the chairs might be painted to look like the ornate inlaid and carved chairs of the rich, but the craftsmanship was usually poor. Chairs: A History. The buttock-knee length is used to determine "leg room" between rows of chairs.
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