The origin of the community puja can be credited to the twelve friends of Guptipara in Hoogly, West Bengal, who collaborated and collected contributions from local residents to conduct the first community puja called the 'baro-yaari' puja, or the 'twelve-pal' puja, in 1790. Page Transparency See More. Durga Puja Festival. The research paper further indicates that: In 1911, with the shifting of the capital of British India to Delhi, many Bengalis migrated to the city to work in government offices. In the northern parts of the state particularly Balasore, durga puja is celebrated with much fervor and the odia diaspora abroad especially in Australia, which originates 95% from the district of Balasore celebrates the puja in the same manner which is done back home in Balasore. The prominent mention of Durga in such epics may have led to her worship. The first Durga Puja tradition was started by King Surath thousands of years ago. Now the dominant mode of Bengali Durga Puja is the 'public' version," write M. D. Muthukumaraswamy and Molly Kaushal in Folklore, Public Sphere, and Civil Society. [118] For the priests, Durga puja is a time of activity wherein he pursues the timely completion of Vedic-Puranic-Tantric ritual sequences to make various offerings and perform fire oblations, in full public view, while the socio-cultural festivities occur in parallel. Regional and community variations in celebration of the festival and rituals observed exist. Durga Puja, 1809 watercolour painting in Patna Style. [108] The festival is most commonly associated with Bengali Hindus, and with the community having variability and differences in practices. [3][5] The first nine days overlap with Navaratri festivities in other traditions of Hinduism. Radio and television channels also air other festive shows,[citation needed] while Bengali and Odia magazines publish special editions for the puja known as Pujabarshiki (Annual Puja Edition) or Sharadiya Sankhya (Autumnal Volume). [117], The organising committees of each puja pandal hires a purohita (priest) who performs the puja rituals on behalf of the community. [44][45][46], Om you are rice [wheat...],Om you are life,you are the life of the gods,you are our life,your are our internal life,you are long life,you give life,Om the Sun with his rays (....), — Hymn to start the Durga Puja,Translator: David Kinsley[16], Durga puja is, in part, a post-monsoon harvest festival observed on the same days in the Shaktism tradition of Hinduism as those in its other traditions. For such theme-based pujas, the preparations and the building of pandals are a significant arts-related economic activity, often attracting major sponsors. History and Significance of Diwali, the Festival of Lights, Teej, the Hindu Fasting Festivals for Women, Thaipusam Festival: Ritualistic Face and Body Piercing, List of Gods and Goddesses From Antiquity, Learn the History of the Durga Idols in Kumartuli, Calcutta, M.A., English Literature, University of North Bengal. Durga puja is an old tradition of Hinduism, though its exact origins are unclear. This probably signifies the Hindu belief that the goddess is "not merely the power inherent in the growth of crops but the power inherent in all vegetation". [49]The festival is started at twilight with prayers to Saraswati. [13][14][A] Thus, the festival epitomises the victory of good over evil, though it is also in part a harvest festival celebrating the goddess as the motherly power behind all of life and creation. The zamindars played the main role in making this as the most popular festival. A considerable literature exists around Durga in the Bengali language and its early forms, including avnirnaya (11th century), Durgabhaktitarangini by Vidyapati (14th century), etc. British Involvement in Durga Puja . [60], The rituals before the puja begins include the following:[61], The process of the creation of clay sculpture-idols (pratima or murti) for the puja, from the collection of clay to the ornamentation is a ceremonial process. The sculpture-idols are shipped from India and stored in warehouses to be re-used over the years. The institution of the community Durga Puja in the 18th and the 19th century Bengal contributed vigorously to the development of Hindu Bengali culture. During the 18th century, Durga Puja was mostly performed by the rich zamindars and traders in their homes. Kunal Chakraborty, one of the foremost historians to have worked on the subject has written that the accommodation of tribal deities into the Hindu pantheon through the Puranas, began from the 6th century onward. It is believed that Durga Puja started from the time when Lord Rama worshipped the divine being to attain powers to kill the Mighty Ravana. [110] Yet, this festival of Bengal is likely much older with the discovery of 11th and 12th-century Durga puja manual manuscripts such as Durgotsavaviveka, Durgotsava Prayoga, Vasantaviveka and Kalaviveka. Dhanupali Durga Puja . [84], The Rajputs of Rajasthan worship their weapons and horses in the related festival of Navaratri, and some historically observed the sacrifice of a goat, a practice that continues in some places. [135] The government had made a grant of ₹10,000 each to more than 20,000 puja organising committees in the state, in 2018. From the end of the fifteenth century, the festival was celebrated in big pandals by the zamindars of Dinajpur and Malda. [108], The rituals of the puja also varies from being Vedic, Puranic, or Tantric, or a combination of these. A layer of a fiber called jute, mixed in with clay, is also attached to the top to prevent the statue from cracking in the months ahead. [145] Durga puja celebrations have also been started in Hong Kong by the Bengali diaspora. Mysore was named after the Goddess Mahishasurmardini. Which is the state in India famous for the celebration of Durga Puja? Learn Religions, Feb. 16, 2021, learnreligions.com/the-history-and-origin-of-durga-puja-1770159. It was also the first in Bengal as well as in India. [95] Pandals have also been replicated on existing temples, structures, and monuments[96][97] and yet others have been made of elements such as metal scraps,[98] nails,[99] and turmeric[100] among others. Environmental activists have raised concerns about the paint used to produce the statue, stating that the heavy metals in these paints pollute rivers when the statues are immersed at the end of the Durga festival. It often creates chaotic traffic conditions. The worship of Goddess Durga started in Odisha (then known as Kalinga) in the year 300 BC under King Suratha of the Chedi dynasty, the worship of earthen idol worship was inculcated by the King Chodaganga Dev of the Ganga dynasty in the 11th century AD. There may exist differences of practice between the puja of theme-based Pandals, family pujas (with puja of erstwhile aristocrat families known as bonedi puja), and community pujas (known as barowari pujas ) of neighbourhoods or apartments. [136] Economic slowdowns in India, such as in 2019, have hence affected corporate sponsorships and puja budgets for public celebrations. The process begins with prayers to Ganesha and to the perceived divinity in materials such as bamboo frames in which the sculpture-idols are cast. In Bangladesh, Durga puja has historically been celebrated as Bhagabati puja. See more of Dhanupali Durga Puja on Facebook. In the past this ritual was considered a rite of passage into manhood and readiness as a warrior. The silver used to be imported from Germany and was delivered by post (dak). [130][131], Beyond being an art festival and a socio-religious event, Durga puja has also been a political event with regional and national political parties having sponsored Durga puja celebrations. Durga is an ancient deity of Hinduism according to available archeological and textual evidence. Thus, Durga Puja festival epitomises the victory of Good over Evil. In 2015, an 88-foot statue of Durga in Kolkata's Deshapriya Park attracted numerous devotees, with some estimates placing visitors at one million.[105][106]. Streets are decked up with festive lights, loudspeakers play festive songs as well as recitation of hymns and chants by priests, and pandals are erected by communities. Durga Puja is a famous Hindu festival when Goddess Durga is worshipped. [20] [4] Durga Puja is a ten-day festival, [21] [3] of which the last five are typically special and an annual holiday in regions such as West Bengal, Assam, Bihar, Odisha and Tripura where it is particularly popular. [76], Brighter colors that are also biodegradable and eco-friendly, as well as the traditional natural colors, are typically more expensive compared to the non biodegradable paints. Example Sanskrit original: "अहन्निन्द्रो अदहदग्निरिन्दो पुरा दस्यून्मध्यंदिनादभीके ।. In Durga, the Gods bestowed their powers to co-create a beautiful goddess with ten arms, each carrying their most lethal weapon. [104] The competition takes many forms, such as the height of statue. Sarbojanin Durgotsab, as we know it today, started off much later in Kolkata, in the 1920s, with Shimlaya Byayam Samti and Bagbazar being the earliest. The festival is observed in the Indian calendar month of Ashwin, which corresponds to the months of September-October in the Gregorian calendar. Mahalaya is observed about a week before Durga Puja. Community See All. He has written several books about Hinduism for children and young adults. The first Durga Puja in Delhi was held in c. 1910, when it was performed by ritually consecrating the 'mangal kalash' symbolizing the deity. [103] Such commercialised pujas attract crowds of visitors. [56][H] The specific practices vary by region. [2][3] It is particularly popular and traditionally celebrated in the Indian states of West Bengal, Assam, Odisha, Tripura and the country of Bangladesh, and the diaspora from this region, and also in Mithilanchal regions of Bihar and Nepal. As the devotees grew wealthier, beaten silver (rangta) was used. [3], In West Bengal, Odisha, Assam, and Tripura, Durga puja is also called Akalbodhan (literally, "untimely awakening of Durga"), Sharadiya pujo ("autumnal worship"), Sharodotsab ("festival of autumn"), Maha pujo ("grand puja"), Maayer pujo ("worship of the Mother"),[citation needed] Durga pujo,[24] or merely Puja or Pujo. Food is a huge part of the festival, and street stalls blossom all over Kolkata. The worship of Goddess Durga started in Odisha (then known as Kalinga) in the year 300 BC under King Suratha of the Chedi dynasty, the worship of earthen idol worship was inculcated by the King Chodaganga Dev of the Ganga dynasty in the 11th century AD. [7][5] The puja is performed in homes and in the public, the latter featuring temporary stage and structural decorations (known as pandals). During puja holidays, people may also go to places of tourist attractions while others return home to spend Durga puja with their family. [90] The grant of ₹25,000 to puja organising committees in West Bengal by a debt-ridden state government was reported to cost a budget a ₹70 crores. The non-Bengali Durga puja rituals tend to be essentially Vedic (srauta) in nature but they too incorporate esoteric elements making the puja an example of a culmination of Vedic-Tantric practices. The religio-social-cultural phenomenon is known to be a city-wide installation art carnival that is Kolkata\'s own version of the Venice Biennale. https://www.tourism-of-india.com/events-festival/durga-puja.html [47][48] The practice of including a bundle of nine different plants, called navapatrika, as a symbolism of Durga, is a testament practice to its agricultural importance. About See All. Durga Puja is particularly a significant festival of West Bengal, However people in the state of Odisha, Tripura, Bihar, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat also celebrate it with great enthusiasm. Durga Puja and its history. Modern pandals are innovative, artistic and decorative at the same time, offering a visual spectacle for the numerous visitors who go 'pandal-hopping' during the four days of Durga Puja. [16][17] Durga puja coincides with Navaratri and Dussehra celebrations observed by other traditions of Hinduism,[18] in which the Ram lila dance-drama is enacted, celebrating the victory of Rama against Ravana, and effigies of Ravana are burnt.[19][20]. The growth of competitiveness in theme-based pandals has escalated costs and scale of Durga puja in eastern states of India. [23][3] In today's time, the importance of Durga puja is as much as a social and cultural festival as a religious one, wherever it is observed. or. 5 out of 5 stars. This festival is an old tradition of Hinduism, though it is unclear how and in which century the festival began. The festival is preceded by Mahalaya, which is believed to mark the start of Durga's journey to her natal home. In Sweden, the puja is celebrated in cities such as Stockholm and Helsingborg. Contact Dhanupali Durga Puja on Messenger. [127] In September 2019, 160 pandals were reported to be hosting Durga puja in Cuttack. Bengalis worship Goddess Durga as Durgotinashini, which means that Goddess Durga is the destroyer of evil. It is done at the specific time Mahashtami closures and Mahanavami starts, with ceremonies being performed throughout the previous 24 minutes of Mahashtami and for the initial 24 minutes of Mahanavami. The History and Origin of the Durga Puja Festival. [13][14][G]Durga, in her various forms, appears as an independent deity in the Indian texts. Surviving manuscripts from the 14th—century provide guidelines for Durga puja, while historical records suggest that the royalty and wealthy families were sponsoring major Durga puja festivities since at least the 16th-century. Subhamoy Das is the co-author of "Applied Hinduism: Ancient Wisdom for Today's World." Retrieved from https://www.learnreligions.com/the-history-and-origin-of-durga-puja-1770159. Tapati Guha-Thakurta, a retired professor of History who has been researching on the contemporary cultural politics of the Durga Puja, traces the non-religious aspect of the festival today to the celebration of it by the mercantile class of 19th and 20th century Bengal. [55][20]The puja rituals involve mantras (words manifesting spiritual transformation), shlokas (holy verses), chants and arati, and offerings. Like most festivals in India, Durga Puja does not fall on a fixed date, it is decided by the lunar calendar. While other set of sources suggest that a Bengali landlord, named Kamsanarayan, held a mega-show puja in late 16th-century Bengal. Durga Puja—the ceremonial worship of the mother goddess, is one of the most important festivals of India. In Japan Durga Puja is celebrated in Tokyo with much fanfare.[151][152]. Das, Subhamoy. Most communities prefer symbolic sacrifice, where a statue of the asura is made of flour or equivalent, is immolated and smeared with vermilion, symbolic of the blood that had spilled during the battle. [42]From the medieval era up to present-day, Durga puja has been celebrated as a socio-cultural event, while maintaining the roots of religious worship. Another notable date, before the start of Durga Puja, is Mahalaya. Thereafter Durga Puja gradually spread to various regions of Bengal. In the former, the pratima is traditionally decorated with the white core of the shola reed which grows within marshlands. Durga puja pandals have also been centred around themes to acknowledge political events such as the 2019 Balakot airstrike and to protest against the National Register of Citizens of India. For private domestic pujas, families dedicate an area of their homes, known as thakur dalan, for Durga puja where the sculpture-idols for worship is placed and decorated with home-dyed fabric, sola ornamentations, and gold and silver foil decorations. [36] She appears in Harivamsa in the form of Vishnu's eulogy, and in Pradyumna's prayer. [123], In Maharashtra, the city of Nashik and other places such as CIDCO, Rajeevnagar, Panchavati, and Mahatmanagar host Durga puja celebrations. [72] The limbs of the statues are mostly shaped from bundles of straws. This is a 10-day festival which, this year, starts on . Not Now. [75], The sculpture-idols for the puja are traditionally made of biodegradable materials such as straw, clay, soil, and wood. [122] According to yet other scholars, the ritual of immersion in water by Hindus for Durga puja in Bengal and Ganesh Chaturthi in the western states of India, may have grown because members of the Hindu community attempted to create a competing procession and immersion ritual to that of Muharram, allowed by the colonial British Indian government in the 19th and early 20th-centuries. Durga puja holds its importance in the Hindu culture because of two popular beliefs. The Durga Puja festival is an extremely social and theatrical event. These also include Vedic chants and recitations of the Devi Mahatmya text in Sanskrit. The heads of the statues are more complex, and are usually made separately. [10][11][12], As per Hindu scriptures, the festival marks the victory of goddess Durga in her battle against the shape-shifting asura, Mahishasura. 1,030 people follow this. Festivals; Quiz; Durga Puja Quiz – how much do you know your favourite festival ? In Odisha, Basanti Puja also called Chaitra Puja during the month of March/April was quite prevalent. [35] Both Yudhisthira and Arjuna characters of the Mahabharata invoke hymns to Durga. In Switzerland,[149] puja in Baden, Aargan has been celebrated since 2003. The festival of Durga Puja goes back the 16th century where the landlords (zamindars) of West Bengal would worship the Goddess with much devotion. It is believed that the trend of worshipping Kali emerged in the 18th century. [4][25], The name Durga, and related terms, appear in Vedic literature, such as in the Rigveda hymns 4.28, 5.34, 8.27, 8.47, 8.93 and 10.127, and in sections 10.1 and 12.4 of the Atharvaveda[28][29][F] A deity named Durgi appears in section 10.1.7 of the Taittiriya Aranyaka. [82] In Nepal, West Bengal, Odisha and Assam, animal sacrifices are performed at Shakta temples to commemorate the legend of Durga slaying Mahishasura. [90] Politicians patronise the festival by making donations or helping raise money for funding of community pujas, or by marking their presence at puja events and inaugurations. A considerable literature exists around Durga in the Bengali language and its early forms, including avnirnaya (11th century), Durgabhaktitarangini by Vidyapati (14th century), etc. Durga Puja wird nach dem hinduistischen Mondkalender Ende September oder im Oktober gefeiert. Question 2. An excellent account of Durga Puja at Kotalipara in Faridpur at that time is obtained from the autobiography of Krishnakumar Mitra. [31]A key text associated with Durga puja is Devi Mahatmya, which is recited during the festival. Das, Subhamoy. Thus goes the story of Lord Rama, who first worshipped the 'Mahishasura Mardini' or the slayer of the buffalo-demon, by offering 108 blue lotuses and lighting 108 lamps, at this time of the year. For the first time in 1790, Durga Puja was celebrated as a community festival in Guptipara, West Bengal. Answer: [46] The shlokas and mantras praise the divinity of the goddess; according to the shlokas Durga is omnipresent as the embodiment of power, nourishment, memory, forbearance, faith, forgiveness, intellect, wealth, emotions, desires, beauty, satisfaction, righteousness, fulfillment and peace. Durga puja is celebrated differently in North India.The main hub of Durga Puja is West Bengal where the Puja is observed with great fervor. Festival . Shia Muslims observed Muharram over ten days, taking out processions in memory of the martyrdom of Imam Husayn ibn Ali, and then cast a memorial Imam's cenotaph into a river on the tenth day. [116], Durga Puja is also a gift-giving and shopping season for communities celebrating it, with people buying gifts for not only family members but also for close relatives and friends. Apart from being a religious festival for the Hindus, it is also an occasion for reunion and rejuvenation, and a celebration of traditional culture and customs. While the rituals entail ten days of fast, feast and worship, the last four days—Saptami, Ashtami, Navami, and Dashami—are celebrated with much gaiety and grandeur in India and abroad, especially in Bengal, where the ten-armed goddess riding the lion is worshipped with great passion and devotion. [90], The day of Mahalaya is marked by the Bengali community with Mahishasuramardini — a two-hours long All India Radio programme — that has been popular in the Bengali community since the 1950s. [78], Shakta Hindu communities mark the slaying of Mahishasura and the victory of Durga with a symbolic or actual sacrifice. But this year, the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic has redefined the lives of millions. [72] In certain traditions in Kolkata, a custom is to include soil samples in the clay mixture for Durga from areas believed to be nishiddho pallis (forbidden territories; territories inhabited by the "social outcasts" such as brothels). The state capital is famous for the modern themes and creativity In the pandals, while the Western part of the state has a more retro decoration theme to the pandal. In 2020, there is an unusual gap of time between Mahalaya, the beginning of Durga Puja, and Mahasahthi. [16] The typically selected plants include not only representative important crops, but also non-crops. [107] Hinduism accepts flexibility and leaves the set of practices to the choice of the individuals concerned. The show also features various devotional melodies. Durga Puja is also known as Durgotsava.Durgotsava refers to all five days festivity and these five days are observed as Shashthi, Maha Saptami, Maha Ashtami, Maha Navami and Vijayadashami. [22][10] The prominence of Durga puja increased during the British Raj in the provinces of Bengal, Odisha and Assam. Wrong! Shri Rama worshipped Durga before going to battle with Ravana to seek her blessings. [citation needed]. On the seventh day (Saptami), eighth (Ashtami) and ninth (Navami) days, the goddess along with Lakshmi, Saraswati, Ganesha, and Kartikeya are revered and these days mark the main days of worship with recitation of scriptures, puja, legends of Durga in Devi Mahatmya, social visits to elaborately decorated and illuminated pandals (temporary structures meant for hosting the puja), among others. The festival had earlier been a domestic puja, a form of practice that still remains popular. At the end of the puja, the sculpture-idols were immersed in River Thames for the first time in 2006, after "the community was allowed to give a traditional send-off to the deities by London's port authorities". [3][5] The next significant day of the festival is the sixth day (Sashthi), on which devotees welcomes the goddess and festive celebrations are inaugurated. The baro-yaari puja was brought to Kolkata in 1832 by Raja Harinath of Cossimbazar, who performed the Durga Puja at his ancestral home in Murshidabad from 1824 to 1831, notes Somendra Chandra Nandy in 'Durga Puja: A Rational Approach' published in The Statesman Festival, 1991. Durga Puja festival is a reflection of Hindu belief system and the status women enjoy in a Hindu society. Surviving manuscripts from the 14th—century provide guidelines for Durga puja, while historical records suggest that the royalty and wealthy families were sponsoring major Durga puja festivities since at least the 16th-century. The primary goddess revered during Durga puja is Durga but celebrations also include other major deities of Hinduism such as Lakshmi (the goddess of wealth and prosperity), Saraswati (the goddess of knowledge and music), Ganesha (the god of good beginnings), and Kartikeya (the god of war). In Silchar more than 300 exhibits, known as pandals, decorated with lights, sculptures and other art forms are created. The festival ends on the tenth day (Vijaya dashami), when devotees embark on a procession carrying the worshipped clay sculpture-idols to a river, or other water body, and immerse them, symbolic of her return to the divine cosmos and her marital home with Shiva in Kailash. Durga Puja is celebrated every year in the Hindu month of Ashwin (September-October) and commemorates Prince Rama's invocation of the goddess before going to war with the demon king Ravana. The budget required for such theme-based pujas is significantly higher than traditional pujas. On this day, Goddess Durga is invited to come to Earth, and the eyes are drawn on the idols of the goddess. Facebook. Mumbai. [72], Clay, or alluvial soil, collected from different region form the base. According to various scriptures, Raja Krishna Chandra of navadvipa introduced the Kali puja festival during the 19th century in West Bengal. Elaborate rituals like arati are performed and prasad is distributed after being offered to the deities. [137] In August 2019, the Income Tax Department of India had allegedly sent notices to various Durga puja organising committees in West Bengal, against which the ruling party of the state, All India Trinamool Congress (AITMC) protested. These contain works of writers, both established and upcoming, and are more voluminous than the regular issues. However, the origin of public celebrations of grand Durga Puja can be traced back to the 16th century. [53][9][54] On the sixth day major festivities and social celebrations start. Half Samosa - October 9, 2018. Drama, dance, and cultural performances are widely held. Mangalore. As a tradition, married daughters visit their parents and celebrate the Durga puja with them, a symbolism alluding to Durga who is popularly believed to return to her natal home during the puja. Twitter . Surviving manuscripts from the 14th century provide guidelines for Durga puja, while historical records suggest royalty and wealthy families were sponsoring major Durga puja public festivities since at least the 16th century. [126], In Odisha, Durga puja is the most important festival of the people of the state. Durga was likely well established by the time this Hindu text was composed, which scholars variously estimate Durgato date between 400 and 600 CE. full of pomp and grandeur in Kolkata in the nineteenth century. [88][better source needed], Months before the start of Durga Puja, youth members of the community collect funds and donations, engage priests and artisans, buy votive materials and help build pandals centred around a theme, which has rose to prominence in recent years. [116] It's a common trend amongst youngsters and even those who are older to go pandal-hopping and enjoy the celebrations. In Bengali and Odia traditions, these deities are considered to be Durga's children and Durga puja is believed to commemorate Durga's visit to her natal home with her beloved and nice children. [101][102], Designs and sculpture-idols are made by commissioned artisans, which is also a team effort involving labourers, architects, and community representatives hosting it. [16]The festival is a social and public event in eastern and northeastern states of India, where it dominates religious and socio-cultural life, with temporary pandals built at community squares, roadside shrines, and temples. Let us learn more about this festival. https://www.thebengalitoday.com/2020/10/Durga-Puja-History.html From preparing clay idols to building the pandals, it all starts well in advance. [108] The Bengali Durga puja rituals typically combine all three. In the Shakta tradition of Hinduism, many of the stories about obstacles and battles have been considered as metaphors for the divine and demonic within each human being, with liberation being the state of self-understanding whereby a virtuous nature and society emerging victorious over the vicious. Mysore. This practice is rare among Hindus outside the regions of Bengal, Odisha and Assam. There are two kinds of embellishments that are used on clay—sholar saaj and daker saaj. Some also say that Kamsanarayan, a Bengali landlord, started the Durga Puja festival in the 16th century. Devi Durga was the daughter of father Himalaya and mother Menka and later married Lord Shiva after becoming Sati. [142], Durga puja is celebrated commonly by Bangladesh's Hindu community. Durga Puja is one of the biggest festivals of state of India that is celebrated with great enthusiasm and grandeur. [120] On the last day, the sculpture-idols are carried out in immersion processions across Bengal, following which they are ritually immersed into rivers or other waterbodies. While in earlier days it used to be recorded live, a pre-recorded version has come to be broadcast in recent decades. This choice is a tradition wherein Durga, perceived as the creative energy and material, is believed to be present everywhere and everything in the universe. [113], Durga puja is a widely celebrated festival in the Indian states of West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, and Odisha. However, the origins of Durga puja are unclear and undocumented. [138][139] The Central Board of Direct Taxes denied sending any such notices,[140] to which AITMC politician Madan Mitra is reported to have said that the intention may have been to enquire if tax deducted at source had been deducted on payments to vendors for organising community pujas.
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